Livestock

Agriculture

Beef cattle - Generalities

Livestock is the art or the set of technical processes used in the production of animaldomestication and economic purposes, made ​​in the field. Pecus means "head of cattle."I´ts the same Latin root of "pecunia" (money, money). This reflects the fact that, as in ancient Rome, animals raised for slaughter were also used as a store of economic value.Cattle ranching is one of the oldest professions known.

Livestock fa...

Beef cattle - Farming systems

Cages ideal for beef production vary greatly from one region to another. In general, they can be classified into: System extensive or intensive system.

1) Extensive System
The extensive system of livestock cutting adopts some improvements like those used in the creation of dairy cattle, such as maneuvering corral, fences for pastures or paddocks, feeders and drinkers.

Some ranchers mixed (for beef and dairy) by the extensive system adopt the same kinds of improvements used in dairy farming in extensive (milking barn, corral waiting, corral maneuvering, troughs...

Beef cattle - Management of beef cattle

For an agricultural enterprise, a farm, to succeed him in his ranching should adopt correct management can increase productivity and reduce farm losses, such as low reproductive rates, high number of deaths, injuries during the transport of animals, and others.

In this contest to adopt adequate management practices for cattle is valued primarily the separation of animals by category, that is, by sex, age, type and function in the property because it provides with a reduction in animal stress which is given by competition for food or lame pasture, water, salt, and provide g...

Dairy Cattle - Economic Importance

Brazil is the sixth largest milk producer in the world and is growing at an annual rate of 4%, higher than in all the countries that occupy the first place. Account for 66% of the total volume of milk produced in the Mercosur countries. The sales of some products of Brazilian food industry in the last decade, one can evaluate the relative importance of dairy products in the context of agribusiness, registering 248% increase versus 78% of all segments.

In 2001, the Gross Value of Agricultural Production was 91 billion dollars. Of these, approximately 38 billion dollars are ...

Dairy Cattle - Races

There are several choices of breeds and crosses for the production of milk. The main ones are:

1. Pure European race, specially selected for milk production, such as Holstein (H), Brown Swiss and Schwyz, the Jersey, Guernsey and Ayrshire. Of these the best known and most widespread is the Dutch;
2. European race of double-fitness (production of milk and meat), such as Simmental, Danish Red Poll. Of these the best known is the Simmental;
3. Dairy Zebu breeds (Gyr, Guzerat, Sindi etc..) And
4. Crossbred cows, derived from the crossing of a European breed with ...

Dairy Cattle - Infrastructure

The infrastructure of any property intended for the production of milk consists of a set of characteristics and unique factors to consider which should be evaluated in a comprehensive and interactive, the availability of productive resources: land, capital and labor work force. This procedure is essential for success in the activity, either when starting, restructuring or promote an expansion in the production system.

Thus, the implementation of a system of milk production requires a proper characterization of the property so you can plan your physical structure, the herd ...

Dairy Cattle - Feed

The milk produced by a dairy cow is considered as a byproduct of their reproductive function and both are dependent on a controlled diet. This diet, the animals use nutrients for maintenance, growth, reproduction and production, whether in the form of milk or meat. Maintaining adequate nutrition is of fundamental importance, both in terms ofnutritional and economical. In a production system of milk to feed the cattle herd is a&n...

Dairy Cattle - Reproduction

To have profitability in dairy farming, a high reproductive efficiency should be the main goal of the producers to achieve productivity and economic return.

In order to achieve these parameters, it is necessary to make a proper creation ofcalves because calves is that these will be the future of the breeding herd. Animals thathave little development, either by improper nutrition or health problems, are unable&nbs...

Dairy Cattle - Market and marketing

The Northeast as a whole, produces only 10% of demand in this region, hence it is frankly a buyer market, importing from other regions of Brazil and other countries, most of the consuming, especially for milk powder, which comes to reach 76% of all dairy products.

As in other regions in Brazil and in general there are two types of dairy market, both of great economic expression, known as formal and informal, in the first, (possibly a majority in the semi-arid), milk and milk derivatives does not suffer virtually any type of tax or sanitary inspection by the government.

Dairy Cattle - Technical coefficients

Technical coefficients are numerical values ​​that express a physical relation between the amount of supply spent to produce a certain quantity of milk. In general, the calculation of technical coefficients, both inputs are quantified as milk, based on the period of one year. This is the time that is usually considered to analyze the technical and economical results of a company with milk production stabilized.

Some examples may clarify this concept. Suppose that the numbers were recorded on a farm for one year:

Total milk production: 547,500 liters;

Ovine - Generalities

The sheep sociable temperament, coupled with his indisputable economic utility, did the domestication of the species one of the oldest in the history of civilization, believed tohave occurred about 4,000 years BC in Central Asia. Over time, changes were occurringas a function of climate, soil, water availability, food and economic use, so that today it is estimated that there are more than 1,400 sheep breed in the world. These&n...

Ovine - Subproducts

Wool
It is the most important product of extensive exploration of sheep. It can be classified according to the characteristics and quality of the fibers of the fleece. A sheep is good to give wool from two years old. The time of shearing varies according to race, the climate and the maturity of certain vegetables such as legumes, whose seeds stick to the fleece, devaluing wool. In general, it is done once a year at the beginning of the dry season, thus avoiding the emergence of diseases of animals by exposure to rain. The shearing is done manually with scissors, hammer and me...

Ovine - Farming systems

The expression "intensive" and "extensive" does not apply to sheep. What is considered is that there are smaller creations, from domestic to medium size, and those with strong large-scale infrastructure management, these are considered extensive creations. It was recently encouraged the confinement system, with the creation in Cabanha and supply of balanced feed. In this system, similar to what occurs in feedlot cattle, the cost is higher but allows the production of early animals and free of vermin with killing between 60 and 120 days, weighing between 30 and 35 kg.

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Eucalyptus - Introduction

The pulp and paper segment become the main supplier of raw material for the other segments that use wood paras unfold. This production is increased demand for lumberindustry, followed by the production of softwood pulp and plywood.

Eucalyptus was introduced in Brazil in 1904, in order to meet the needs of fuelwood,poles and sleepers of railways in the Southeast. In the 50 starts to be produced as a raw material f...

Eucalyptus - Socio-economic importance and environmental

The Brazilian Forest Sector has approximately 530 million hectares of native forest, 43.5 million hectares in the Federal Conservation Units and 4.8 million hectares of planted forests with pine, eucalyptus and black wattle.

With the exploitation of native forests over the exploitation of Planted Forests generates more than 2 million jobs, contributes more than $ 20 billion to GDP, exports more thanU.S. $ 4 billion&nb...

Eucalyptus - Planting systems

The planting and one of the more important for the successful implementation of forest.The adoption of appropriate system requires a clear definition of objectives and potential uses of the products and by-products expected from the forest. The success ofa planting and obtaining settlements and productive quality wood should be driven bysilvicultural practices such as the sorting and cleaning the area, control of pests anddiseases, defini...

Eucalyptus - Market and marketing

The Brazilian participation in forest products in the world market is 2% considering theaggregate data from different areas, including eucalyptus.

In the case of paper trade, Brazil is the 11th largest producer, with 2.2% of production. In the case of trade in pulp, which is 4.2%, Brazil is the 7th place as a world producer. In the case of trade in lumber to Brazilian position is the 5th largest producer, with a relative share of&nb...